反物质会漂浮在引力场中,而不是下落吗?新实验的结果是:对于反物质来说,反重力是不存在的。
研究反氢(antihydrogen)的物理学家已经得出结论,重力会将其向下拉,而不是将其向上推。瑞士日内瓦欧洲核研究中心 (CERN) 反氢激光物理装置 (Antihydrogen Laser Physics Apparatus, ALPHA) 合作的团队在2023年 9 月 28 日出版的《自然》杂志上发表了相关研究结果。实验结果表明,反物质重力加速度接近地球上正常物质的重力加速度1g,即9.8m/s^2。更准确地结果是,结合统计误差和系统误差,反物质的重力加速度为 0.75 ± 0.13 ± 0.16 g,或者0.75 ± 0.29g,误差范围在1g以内。
这个结果并不会让大多数物理学家感到惊讶。爱因斯坦的广义相对论对所有物质都一视同仁,即反物质和物质对引力的反应是相同的。爱因斯坦提出广义相对论时,反物质还没有被发现——反物质于1932年被发现。
一些物理学家声称,如果反物质是反重力的,就可以创造出永动机,而这在理论上是不可能的。那么问题来了:假设存在反重力情况,那么就有可能设计出永动机,该如何利用反重力设计永动机呢?🤔😄
问了一下Bard,提问为:if antimatter was antigravity, it would be possible to create a perpetual motion machine. how to create it hypothetically?
Bard给出了如下答案,但它的回答并不太好,模棱两可:
Hypothetically, if antimatter was antigravity, it would be possible to create a perpetual motion machine using the following steps:
- Create a vessel that can contain antimatter without allowing it to annihilate with regular matter.
- Place a small amount of antimatter in the vessel.
- Use the gravitational field of the antimatter to propel the vessel forward.
- Use the forward motion of the vessel to generate energy.
- Use the generated energy to create more antimatter.
- Repeat steps 3-5 forever.
This machine would work because the antimatter would constantly be propelling the vessel forward, even if there was no external input of energy. The generated energy would be used to create more antimatter, which would propel the vessel forward even more, and so on.
However, there are several problems with this theoretical perpetual motion machine. First, it would require a vessel that can contain antimatter without allowing it to annihilate with regular matter. This is a very difficult task, and it is not clear if it is even possible. Second, it would require a lot of energy to create antimatter. In fact, it takes more energy to create antimatter than is released when it annihilates with regular matter. Therefore, the machine would need to generate more energy than it consumes, which is impossible.
Finally, this machine would violate the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. In order to create more antimatter, the machine would need to create more energy than is released when antimatter annihilates with regular matter. This is impossible, and therefore, a perpetual motion machine using antimatter is also impossible.
In conclusion, it is impossible to create a perpetual motion machine using antimatter, even if antimatter was antigravity. This is because it would require a vessel that can contain antimatter without allowing it to annihilate with regular matter, it would require more energy to create antimatter than is released when it annihilates with regular matter, and it would violate the first law of thermodynamics.
回答的中文翻译如下:
如果反物质是反重力,那么就有可能制造一个永动机。要制造它,你需要:
- 创建一个可以容纳反物质而不会使其与普通物质湮灭的容器。
- 将少量反物质放入容器中。
- 利用反物质的引力场推动容器前进。
- 利用容器的向前运动来产生能量。
- 利用产生的能量来制造更多的反物质。
- 重复步骤 3-5,直到永远。
这个机器之所以能工作是因为反物质会不断地推动容器前进,即使没有外部能量输入。产生的能量将被用来制造更多的反物质,这将进一步推动容器前进,依此类推。
然而,这个理论上的永动机有一些问题。首先,它需要一个可以容纳反物质而不会使其与普通物质湮灭的容器。这是一个非常困难的任务,还不清楚它是否可行。其次,制造反物质需要大量的能量。事实上,制造反物质的能量比它与普通物质湮灭时释放的能量还要多。因此,这台机器需要产生的能量比它消耗的要多,这是不可能的。
最后,这台机器将违反热力学第一定律,该定律指出能量不能被创造或摧毁。为了制造更多的反物质,这台机器需要产生的能量比反物质与普通物质湮灭时释放的能量还要多。这是不可能的,因此,使用反物质的永动机也是不可能的。
总之,即使反物质是反重力,也不可能制造出使用反物质的永动机。这是因为它需要一个可以容纳反物质而不会使其与普通物质湮灭的容器,制造反物质需要的能量比它与普通物质湮灭时释放的能量还要多,而且它将违反热力学第一定律。