{"id":5556,"date":"2025-01-21T13:19:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T05:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=5556"},"modified":"2025-01-21T13:20:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T05:20:11","slug":"%e6%b5%85%e8%b0%88mqtt%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=5556","title":{"rendered":"\u6d45\u8c08MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>MQTT\uff08Message Queuing Telemetry Transport\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/iot.nullthought.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7269\u8054\u7f51\uff08IoT\uff09<\/a>\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u53d1\u5e03\/\u8ba2\u9605\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u80fd\u529b\u3002MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u53d1\u5e03\/\u8ba2\u9605\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08Client\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ee3\u7406\uff08Broker\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u8def\u7531\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u8ba2\u9605\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6d88\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\uff08Publisher\uff09\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u8ba2\u9605\u8005\uff08Subscriber\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u9898\uff08Topic\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u53d1\u5e03\u8005\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8ba2\u9605\u8005\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u9898\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u53d1\u5e03\uff08Publish\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e0c\u671b\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u4e86\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8ba2\u9605\uff08Subscribe\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba2\u9605\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u5c06\u6d88\u606f\u63a8\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u8005\u3002\u8ba2\u9605\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ba2\u9605\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u8f6e\u8be2\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4ee3\u7406\u63a8\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9000\u8ba2\uff08Unsubscribe\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u3002\u9000\u8ba2\u64cd\u4f5c\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u505c\u6b62\u63a5\u6536\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u7ea7<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u4e09\u79cd\u6d88\u606f\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>QoS 0\uff08\u6700\u591a\u4e00\u6b21\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d88\u606f\u6700\u591a\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u672a\u9001\u8fbe\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u8be5\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6d88\u606f\u4e22\u5931\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>QoS 1\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u6b21\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6d88\u606f\u81f3\u5c11\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6d88\u606f\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u672a\u9001\u8fbe\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6d88\u606f\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>QoS 2\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u53ea\u4f20\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8be5\u7ea7\u522b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u53bb\u91cd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u53bb\u91cd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u6d88\u606f\u4fdd\u7559\u673a\u5236\uff08Retained Message\uff09<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u4fdd\u7559\u6d88\u606f\u201d\uff08retained\uff09\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6d88\u606f\u4f1a\u5728\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ba2\u9605\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4fdd\u7559\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u6b21\u8ba2\u9605\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff08Session Persistence\uff09<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MQTT\u652f\u6301\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba2\u9605\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8ba2\u9605\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u672a\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4ecd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba2\u9605\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u671f\u95f4\u672a\u80fd\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97MQTT\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u65ad\u7f51\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u65ad\u5f00<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\uff08CONNECT\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\uff08CONNACK\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6216\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u65ad\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08DISCONNECT\uff09\u7ed9\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u5219\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u8f6c\u53d1\u4efb\u4f55\u8be5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. <strong>\u4fdd\u6d3b\u673a\u5236\uff08Keep-Alive\uff09<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u6d88\u606f\uff08PINGREQ\uff09\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u4ee3\u7406\u6536\u5230\u5fc3\u8df3\u540e\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u5fc3\u8df3\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\uff08PINGRESP\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7406\u5728\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u672a\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. <strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MQTT\u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u624b\u6bb5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7TLS\/SSL\u52a0\u5bc6\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. <strong>\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u5e26\u5bbd\u6d88\u8017<\/strong>\uff1aMQTT\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5934\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4f4e\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5982\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3001\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u63a8\u9001<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba2\u9605\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8f6e\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5206\u53d1\u673a\u5236\uff0cMQTT\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. <strong>\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7269\u8054\u7f51\uff08IoT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u5c45\u3001\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u667a\u6167\u57ce\u5e02\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u73b0\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a8\u9001\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a8\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u5230\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u8868\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u673a\u5236\uff0cMQTT\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4f4e\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u3001\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MQTT\uff08Message Queuing Telemetry Transport\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7684 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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