{"id":5437,"date":"2024-12-29T12:42:56","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T04:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=5437"},"modified":"2025-02-23T11:08:36","modified_gmt":"2025-02-23T03:08:36","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e7%9b%91%e7%9d%a3%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%ef%bc%88self-supervised-learning%ef%bc%8cssl%ef%bc%89%e5%9c%a8%e5%8d%95%e7%bb%86%e8%83%9e%e5%9f%ba%e5%9b%a0%e7%bb%84%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%88single-cell-genomics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=5437","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Self-Supervised Learning\uff0cSSL\uff09\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\uff08Single-Cell Genomics\uff0cSCG\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8bba\u6587<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42256-024-00934-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Delineating the effective use of self-supervised learning in single-cell genomics<\/a><\/strong>\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Self-Supervised Learning\uff0cSSL\uff09\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\uff08Single-Cell Genomics\uff0cSCG\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7SSL\u4ece\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u672a\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e3aSCG\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684SSL\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3aTill Richter, Mojtaba Bahrami, Yufan Xia, David S. Fischer &amp; Fabian J. Theis\uff0c\u6765\u81eaInstitute of Computational Biology, Technical University of Munich, Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center at the Broad Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"794\" height=\"835\" src=\"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-18.png 794w, https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-18-285x300.png 285w, https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image-18-768x808.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42256-024-00934-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Delineating the effective use of self-supervised learning in single-cell genomics<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5355\u7ec6\u80deRNA\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0cSCG\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u7a00\u758f\u6027\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5355\u7ec6\u80deRNA\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6280\u672f\u6279\u6b21\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6807\u7b7e\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u6ce8\u91ca\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u6d89\u53ca\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5305\u542b\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u5927\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u662f\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff08SSL\uff09\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63a2\u8ba8\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u6807\u7b7e\u6570\u636e\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684SSL\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982\u906e\u63a9\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6bd4\u8f83\u5176\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\uff08pretext task\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6846\u67b6<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Fully Connected Networks\uff0cFCNs\uff09\u7684SSL\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u906e\u63a9\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u5668\uff08Masked Autoencoders\uff0cMAE\uff09\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Contrastive Learning\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u5176\u5728SCG\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff08Pretraining\uff09\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u906e\u63a9\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u5668\uff08MAE\uff09\u548c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\uff08CL\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u906e\u63a9\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u5165\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u91cd\u6784\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff09\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5fae\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff08Fine-tuning\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u91cd\u5efa\u7b49\u3002\u5fae\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 SSL\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u906e\u63a9\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u5668\uff08Masked Autoencoders\uff0cMAE\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u906e\u63a9\u8f93\u5165\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u906e\u63a9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u906e\u63a9\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u968f\u673a\u906e\u63a9<\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e950%\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u906e\u63a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u906e\u63a9\uff08GP Masking\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u906e\u63a9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\uff08TF\uff09\u906e\u63a9<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec5\u906e\u63a9\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08GP\uff09\u4e0e\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Contrastive Learning\uff0cCL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6837\u672c\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b66\u4e60\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BYOL\uff08Bootstrap Your Own Latent\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6559\u5e08-\u5b66\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8868\u793a\u5d29\u6e83\uff08\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u8f93\u51fa\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Barlow Twins<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8868\u793a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u9996\u5148\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86SSL\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u80ba\u7ec6\u80de\u56fe\u8c31\uff08HLCA\uff09\u3001\u5916\u5468\u8840\u5355\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\uff08PBMC\uff09\u548cTabula Sapiens\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728PBMC\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2F1\u5206\u6570\u4ece0.7013\u63d0\u5347\u81f30.7466\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728Tabula Sapiens\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2F1\u5206\u6570\u4ece0.2722\u63d0\u9ad8\u52300.3085\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u63d0\u5347\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u96f6\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\uff08zero-shot learning\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0cSSL\u6a21\u578b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728scTab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2F1\u5206\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u4e860.6725\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u63a5\u8fd1\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u89c1\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08\u5982\u4eba\u8111\u56fe\u8c31\u548c\u5927\u7329\u7329\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff09\uff0cSSL\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u540c\u6837\u4f18\u4e8e\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u5176\u4ed6\u67b6\u6784\uff08\u5982Transformer\uff09\u4e0eSSL\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7a00\u6709\u6570\u636e\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1aSSL\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u7a00\u6709\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08\u5982\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u5efa\u6a21\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6316\u6398\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSL\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u5347SSL\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bba\u6587Delineating the effective use of self-supervised lear 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