{"id":5395,"date":"2024-12-22T13:34:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-22T05:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=5395"},"modified":"2025-12-10T14:08:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T06:08:58","slug":"%e8%b4%9f%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4negative-time%f0%9f%a4%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=5395","title":{"rendered":"\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4Negative time\ud83e\udd14"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8bba\u6587<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Experimental evidence that a photon can spend a negative amount of time in an atom cloud<\/a><\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5149\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u4e91\u4e2d\u505c\u7559\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Negative time\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c\u95ee\u4e86\u95eeChatGPT\u3002\u770b\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f3c\u61c2\u975e\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photon_atom-cloud_image_fx_-1024x559.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photon_atom-cloud_image_fx_-1024x559.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photon_atom-cloud_image_fx_-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photon_atom-cloud_image_fx_-768x419.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nullthought.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/photon_atom-cloud_image_fx_.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Created by ImageFx<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f15\u53d1\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u671d\u7740\u672a\u6765\u6d41\u901d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e2d\u7684\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5149\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u8109\u51b2\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u505a<strong>\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5149\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u504f\u79fb\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u7684\uff08\u5373\u8109\u51b2\u88ab\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d1f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5f53\u5149\u5b50\u5728\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u4e3a\u8d1f\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5149\u5b50\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u201c\u63d0\u524d\u201d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u505c\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u77ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d1\u73b0\u4f20\u8f93\u5149\u5b50\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6fc0\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u5373\u5149\u5b50\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5149\u5b50\u771f\u7684\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5012\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u5e72\u6d89\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u201c\u63d0\u524d\u201d\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u6096\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<strong>\u5f31\u503c\u6d4b\u91cf\uff08weak value measurement\uff09<\/strong>\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8d1f\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u3002\u5f31\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u7684\u201c\u5f31\u201d\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u51fa\u4f20\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8d1f\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5b50\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d1f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u201c\u975e\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u201d\u672c\u5e94\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4e0e\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684<strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba<\/strong>\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5141\u8bb8\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u7387\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u8d1f\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<strong>\u866b\u6d1e<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u8d1f\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong>\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7269\u4f53\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u201c\u9006\u8f6c\u201d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u672c\u8eab\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5012\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u89c4\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728<strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u5e72\u6d89<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5373\u8d1f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6781\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u89c2\u5bdf<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cf\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5149\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66fe\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8d1f\u7684\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u6fc0\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5149\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u9884\u671f\u66f4\u65e9\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5149\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u4e3a\u8d1f\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6fc0\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u5448\u8d1f\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5149\u5b50\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5149\u5b50\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8fbe\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5355\u7eaf\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6d41\u901d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u7fa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u5e72\u6d89\u3001\u5f31\u503c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u4e0e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u867d\u7136\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d1f\u65f6\u95f4\u5374\u662f\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7269\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5149\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u6781\u9650\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nullthought.net\/?p=4801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0cOn the Nature of Time<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bba\u6587Experimental evidence that a photon can spend a negat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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